What has been changed in accounting from 31 December 2025 and 1 January 2026?

Accounting Procedures

Changes effective from 31 December 2025 – Financial Leases

The most significant changes concern the accounting of financial leases, as the amendment to the VAT Act from 1 January 2025 has fundamentally changed the view on lease agreements with a purchase option, i.e. financial lease arrangements.

Supply of goods instead of services

• Under the new rules, most financial leases are treated as a supply of goods upon transfer of the asset to the lessee.
• This means that the tax liability arises from the entire consideration (down payment + all future instalments) at the beginning of the contractual relationship.
• Monthly instalments during the term of the lease are no longer subject to VAT, as VAT is settled in full upon delivery of the leased asset.

Amendment to the definition of principal

Article 30a specifies what exactly is meant by "principal amount for the lessee":

• Principal = the sum of all payments decreased by unrealised financial costs.
• The principal amounts of the lessor and the lessee are equal only if the lessee claims VAT in full.
• If the lessee is not entitled to a full VAT deduction, the portion of non-deducted VAT increases the acquisition cost of the asset, which causes a difference between the principal amounts.

Accounting in the lessee's accounts – a new perspective on interest

The use of account 399 – Clearing account is introduced:

• On the date of the receipt of the asset, the lessee must report future interest costs, as for VAT purposes this is a supply already taxed in full.
• As of the date of receipt of the asset by the lessee, the lessee shall debit the amount of unrealized financial expenses to account 399 - Clearing account, with a corresponding credit entry in account 474 - Liabilities related to leasing and, at the same time, this amount shall be credited to account 399 –Clearing account with a corresponding debit entry in account 474 - Liabilities related to leasing.
• The balance of this clearing account must be zero on the closing of the accounting books.

Transitional provisions

According to the transitional provisions in Article 86o of the Accounting Procedures, the provisions of Article 30a (1)(d) and (7) of the Accounting Procedures in the wording effective from 31 December 2025, shall be used for the first time to finance leases acquired on the basis of a financial lease agreement concluded on or after 1 January 2025.

Changes effective from 1 January 2026

The changes affect two areas:

• accounting for non-reserved minerals deposit,
• accounting for VAT in selected situations.

Accounting for deposits of non-reserved minerals

The Decree introduces a new feature: the possibility to separate the value of the deposit from the value of the land, which has an impact on the classification of assets.

Key rules:

• If the accounting entity owns the land and extracts the mineral itself, the value of the deposit is transferred to account 112 – Raw material in store on the date when the mining permit became legally valid.
• If the accounting entity leases the land to another accounting entity that carries out mining, the value of the deposit is recorded as 029 – Other property, plant and equipment as of the date of commencement of the lease relationship.
• After the end of mining, the unexploited value of the deposit is transferred back to account 031 – Land.

Transitional provisions:

• The new rules shall apply to land that
• was acquired by 31 December 2025 and for which the mining permit becomes valid after 31 December 2025,
• was acquired after 31 December 2025.

• The rules effective until 31 December 2025 shall apply to land that was
• acquired by 31 December 2025 and for which the mining permit became legally valid by 31 December 2025.

VAT accounting in selected situations

Flat-rate deduction for passenger motor vehicles (50% according to Article 85n of the VAT Act)

• If the car is also used for private purposes, the VAT deduction entitlement is automatically only 50%.
• The non-deductible portion of VAT is part of the acquisition cost of the asset.

Changes in the purpose or scope of use of the asset (Article 54–54d of the VAT Act)

• VAT is accounted for via 343 – Value added tax, with the entry on the following accounts:
• 548 – Other operating expenses, in the case of a decrease in VAT entitlement,
• 648 – Other operating revenues, in the case of its increase.

Uncollectible receivables (Article 25a of the VAT Act)

• The supplier may decrease the tax liability if the receivable meets the conditions of unenforceability.
• In the accounts of both the supplier and the customer, this involves a transfer within sub-accounts 343 – Value added tax.

Decree for financial statements for large accounting entities and public interest entities

Decree no. MF/013838/2025-74 introduces updates in the area of individual financial statements for large accounting entities and public interest entities. The Decree entered into force on 1 January 2026.

Main changes:

• The changes mainly concern the harmonisation of provisions relating to the disclosure of selected information in the notes to the financial statements by means of amendments to Act No. 431/2002 Coll. on Accounting, as amended (hereinafter referred to as the Act on Accounting), which are part of Article III of Act No. 385/2025 Coll.
• Paragraphs 7 and 8 of Article 23d of the Accounting Act were deleted. These paragraphs relate to the obligation to submit annual reports and minutes of general meetings to the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic by accounting entities whose activities are classified as industrial production and whose net turnover for the immediately preceding accounting period exceeded EUR 250,000,000, in connection with the transposition of Commission Directive (EU) 2025/1442 of 18 July 2025 amending Directive 2006/111/EC as regards reporting obligations (OJ L, 2025/1442, 21.7.2025).
• Following the above amendment to the Act on Accounting, paragraph 2 of Annex 1, Article VIII, which relates to the reporting of certain information by the accounting entities mentioned, is deleted from the content of the notes.
• According to the transitional provision of Article 6a of the Decree, the information referred to in Annex 1, Article VIII, paragraph 2, shall not be included in the notes to the financial statements prepared after 31 December 2025.
• The wording of the notes is formally adjusted – the uniform designation "Úč POD" is used.
• Other changes are of a legislative-technical nature for the purposes of harmonisation with the Act on Accounting and concern Article 1(1) and (3), Annex 1, Articles II, IV and VI.